How is a “functional claim” defined?

A "functional claim" is defined as a claim that describes an invention primarily by its intended function rather than detailing its physical structure or composition. This means that instead of specifying the exact components or how they are arranged, a functional claim focuses on what the invention does or the problem it solves.

Functional claims are particularly useful in the context of inventions where the structure may vary significantly or where a unique method of operation is key to its novelty. By emphasizing functionality, these claims can cover a broader range of possible embodiments and interpretations, as long as they achieve the same intended result.

The other definitions do not capture the essence of a functional claim. Specifying only physical components would refer to structural claims, while describing the process of making the invention pertains to method claims. Focusing solely on the end result does not capture the functional aspect necessary for this type of claim, as it overlooks the consideration of how that function is achieved. Hence, the focus on intended functionality makes the first option the correct understanding of a functional claim.