Which agency conducts the Appeal Process in patent law?

The United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) is responsible for conducting the Appeal Process in patent law. When a patent applicant is dissatisfied with a decision made by an examiner regarding their patent application, they have the right to appeal the decision to the Patent Trial and Appeal Board (PTAB), which operates under the USPTO. This process allows for a formal review of the examiner's decision, and it is an essential mechanism within the U.S. patent system to ensure that applicants have an avenue for recourse against potentially erroneous decisions made during the prosecution of their application.

The other agencies listed do not have the authority to conduct the patent appeal process. The FBI is primarily focused on national security and law enforcement, WIPO, while it plays a significant role in international intellectual property law, does not handle appeals specific to U.S. patents, and the Department of Commerce oversees the USPTO but does not conduct the appeal process itself.